Influence of Adding Various Nanoparticles with Base Fluid Flow on Heat Transfer Enhancement: A Comprehensive Study

Abstract

Many industrial and engineering applications have low thermal conductivity affecting heating or cooling processes, so we are going to improve the heat transfer process for these applications using small particles of nanometer size such as metal, oxide, carbide, etc. dispersed in the basic fluid of the application, these particles are called nanofluids. This paper reviews the varying factors affecting the thermal conductivity of various nanomaterials under different conditions. All the authors focused on the thermal conductivity of nanoparticles to increase the heat transfer process, whereby increasing the percentage of nanoparticles, the thermal conductivity increases, and therefore the performance and efficiency of thermal systems increases. The size, shape, collision, aggregation, porous layer, melting point of nanoparticles, etc. are all parameters that affect the thermal conductivity of the nanomaterial, and their control determines the behavior of its increase or decrease. The use of nanofluid is a new and influential technology to improve heat transfer for the next generation.